2015—2020年四川省手足口病流行病学特征分析

目的 分析2015—2020年四川省手足口病流行病学及病原学特征,为手足口病的防控提供科学依据。 方法 利用描述流行病学方法对2015—2020年四川省手足口病监测资料进行统计分析。 结果 2015—2020年四川省累计报告手足口病520 147例,重症1 759例,死亡38例,2015—2020年四川省手足口病发病率呈波动状,年均发病率为104.82/10万,2015—2017和2019年呈现明显的双峰(4—7月和10—12月),2018、2020年呈单峰,发病高峰分别在7—11月和10—12月;年龄以 5 岁及以下儿童为主,男女性别比为1.38∶1;发病率居前五位的地区是成都市(221.25/10万)、眉山市(145.51/10万)、德阳市(115.52/10万)、雅安市(108.02/10万)和遂宁市(100.56/10);共报告实验室确诊病例44 410例,其中其他肠道病毒、CoxA16、EV71分别占65.53%、22.35%、12.12% 。 结论 2015—2020年四川省手足口病发病水平呈上升趋势,防控压力逐渐加大。四川省手足口病发病以5岁以下儿童为主,成都及周边,川东北发病率较高,优势病原分型构成发生变化,其他肠道病毒比重逐渐提高,病原学监测工作需要调整。     

A nationwide post-marketing survey of knowledge,attitude and practice toward human papillomavirus vaccine in general population: Implications for vaccine roll-out in mainland China

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been increasingly discussed in mainland China since its first approval in 2016. To date, nearly all studies assessing HPV vaccine perceptions and attitudes were implemented during pre-licensure period. Therefore, the nationwide post-marketing survey was conducted to update knowledge, attitudes and practice on HPV vaccine among general population in mainland China.MethodsParticipants aged 18–45 years living in mainland China were recruited in April 2019 by multi-stage non-randomized sampling. Sociodemographic factors, HPV and HPV vaccine related awareness, knowledge, attitudes, vaccine uptake and potential obstacles were assessed in questionnaires. Bivariate analysis and multivariate regression were used to identify disparity among subgroups with different sociodemographic characteristics.Results4,000 women (32.1 ± 7.81y) and 1,000 men (31.8 ± 7.96y) were included in final analysis. Less than one third of participants had heard of HPV (female: 31%; male: 22%) and HPV vaccine (female: 34%; male: 23%). Knowledge score was also unfavorable on HPV (female: 3 out of 13; male: 1.8 out of 13) and HPV vaccine (female: 3 out of 6; male: 2 out of 5). Only 3% females had been vaccinated three years after HPV licensure in China, although willingness to get vaccinated among those unvaccinated were high (mean willingness score ± SD: female: 3.3 ± 0.97; male: 3.0 ± 0.98). Industry of employment and household income were the major factors related to awareness and knowledge of vaccine, whereas HPV and HPV vaccine awareness were key influential factors for willingness. The main obstacles of vaccination were safety concerns, lack of knowledge, and high price of HPV vaccines.ConclusionsFindings highlight a lack of vaccine awareness, knowledge, and poor uptake in mainland China and underscore the necessity of health education campaigns. The identified priority groups, contents to be delivered and practical obstacles could furthermore provide insight into health education to reduce disparities and accelerate HPV vaccine roll-out in China.     

四川省麻疹野病毒的分离和鉴定

目的　了解四川省麻疹病毒分子生物学特征 ,确定现阶段四川省流行的麻疹野病毒的基因型别。方法　用绒猴淋巴母细胞 (B95a )从一疑似麻疹散发患者的标本中分离麻疹病毒 ,通过逆转录 -聚合酶链反应 (RT -PCR )和其序列测定方法鉴定是否为麻疹病毒。结果　四川省分离的这株毒株确定为麻疹野病毒H1基因型。结论　分离出麻疹野病毒属于H1基因型 ,和中国的本土优势流行株相同     

1998-2005年四川省直属医疗机构消毒质量监测结果分析

目的通过对医疗机构消毒质量监测结果分析,探索存在的问题,有利于加强医院感染管理,提高消毒灭菌工作质量,有效预防和控制医院感染发生。方法按卫生部《消毒技术规范》的技术要求,依据GB15982-1995《医院消毒卫生标准》等,于1998-2005年对19所省直医疗机构的室内空气、物体表面、医护人员手等进行监测。结果8年监测结果的总合格率为91·54%,各年合格率呈上升趋势。各监测项目中除压力蒸汽灭菌效果的合格率达100%外,其余各监测项目各年度均未完全达到国家标准要求。结论医疗机构消毒质量还需进一步提高。应加强医院感染管理工作,提高医务工作人员的消毒灭菌意识,加强对医疗机构医院感染和消毒工作的监督监测和技术指导,才能提高医疗机构消毒质量。     

Controlled and implicit processes in evaluative conditioning on implicit and explicit attitudes toward alcohol and intentions to drink

Since implicit attitudes (i.e. evaluations occurring outside of complete awareness) are highly predictive of alcohol consumption, we tested an evaluative learning procedure based on repeated pairing to a critical stimulus (i.e. alcohol, the CS) with a valenced stimulus (the US) in order to modify implicit attitudes (i.e. evaluative conditioning; EC). We hypothesized that manipulating the learning context to bolster implicit affect misattribution should strengthen EC effects on implicit attitudes toward alcohol, while encouraging deliberate processing of CS-US pairs, should strengthen EC effects on explicit attitudes.In our study (n = 114 students) we manipulated whether CS-US pairs were presented simultaneously or sequentially. Recollective memory was estimated with a Process Dissociation Procedure. Both implicit and explicit attitudes were assessed immediately after the procedure. Behavioral intentions were measured directly after and one week after the EC-procedure. We found that EC with sequential presentation had a stronger impact on implicit and explicit measures and on purchase intentions immediately after the procedure and one week after. The present findings provide new evidence that (i) EC is an effective way to change implicit attitudes toward alcohol and (ii) evidence that EC may be better described by propositional rather than dual process accounts.     

四川省农村地区高血压患病率及相关因素分析

目的 了解四川省农村地区高血压流行及诊疗状况。方法 利用中英合作项目“中国慢性病前瞻性研究”项目四川省基线调查人群数据,分析彭州市不同特征人群高血压患病情况和知晓、治疗及控制情况。结果 四川省农村地区30～79岁人群高血压患病率为25.2%,高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率低,分别为24.7%、14.7%和3.7%。高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率与社会人口学相关;冬季高血压患病率比夏季高70%～80%,“三率”明显低于夏季。高血压人群吸烟、饮酒比例较高,饮食习惯较差,体力活动不足,肥胖比例较高;知晓自己患病的人群生活方式有适当改善,但体力活动更差和肥胖比例较高。结论 四川省农村地区高血压患病率高,知晓率、治疗率和控制率低。应加强年轻人群健康教育,重视老年人群高血压的治疗和控制,规范高血压患者的管理。     

中国1995－2012年双生子出生体重变化趋势分析

目的 描述分析中国双生子出生体重变化趋势。方法 使用中国双生子登记系统在中国8个省份收集的1995-2012年出生的双生子人群(共10 827对),采用病例回顾方法分析出生体重各指标情况和变化趋势。结果 调整性别、卵型、出生地区后,出生年份每推迟5年,双生子出生体重平均值降低0.01 kg(P=0.041).随着时间变化,双生子优势方出生体重、劣势方出生体重均不同程度地降低,出生体重相对差与出生体重不一致率在2007年以后有升高趋势。结论 1995-2012年中国双生子出生体重呈下降趋势,出生体重不一致率逐渐上升。考虑到出生体重不一致与某些不良健康结局的风险存在关联,应对双生子出生体重不一致予以重视。